Acute Otitis Media and Otitis Externa: Understanding the Differences and Treatments

As a family physician and medical director of French origin, who completed my schooling and practiced in France before settling in Quebec, I'd like to clarify the differences between two common ear conditions: otitis externa and acute otitis media. Although these two conditions share certain symptoms, they differ in terms of location, causes and treatments. Understanding these distinctions is crucial to choosing the right treatment and avoiding complications.

Otitis Externa: What is it?

Otitis externa, often called "swimmer's ear", is an infection of the skin of the external auditory canal. It usually occurs after exposure to water, when excessive moisture in the ear encourages the growth of bacteria or fungi. Typical symptoms include itching, intense pain, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and sometimes a purulent discharge.

Treatment of External Otitis

Treatment of otitis externa consists mainly of antibiotic and/or antifungal ear drops. In some cases, analgesics may be required to relieve pain. It is also advisable to keep the ear dry and avoid swimming for the duration of treatment.

Acute Otitis Media: Inflammation of the Middle Ear

Acute otitis media, on the other hand, is an infection of the middle ear, located behind the eardrum. It is often caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that spreads to the middle ear. Symptoms include intense ear pain, temporary hearing loss, fever, and sometimes fluid discharge (if the eardrum is perforated).

Treatment of Acute Otitis Media

Treatment of acute otitis media can vary depending on the severity and age of the patient. In children, otitis media is often treated with antibiotics to prevent complications, while in adults, a wait-and-see approach with painkillers may be recommended if the infection is mild. If symptoms persist or worsen, medical intervention is required.

When to consult?

It's crucial to see a doctor if you or your child develop symptoms of otitis. Prompt consultation can prevent potential complications, such as permanent hearing loss or mastoiditis, an infection of the bone behind the ear.

Conclusion

Otitis externa and acute otitis media, although similar in some of their symptoms, require distinct treatment approaches. Knowing these differences will help you to manage your condition effectively and heal quickly. If in doubt, or if symptoms persist, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional.

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