Mpox: What you need to know about this emerging disease

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a rare but potentially serious viral disease that is causing increasing concern worldwide. Although it was first identified in monkeys in the 1950s, it is particularly in recent years that the disease has been in the news, with several outbreaks reported in various countries.

What is Mpox?

Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, an orthopoxvirus closely related to the smallpox virus. Although smallpox has been eradicated thanks to a worldwide vaccination campaign, Mpox continues to circulate, mainly in Central and West Africa, where it is endemic. However, cases have been reported outside these regions, raising concerns about its global spread.

Symptoms and course of the disease

Mpox manifests itself with symptoms similar to those of smallpox, although generally less severe. Initial signs include fever, headache, muscle pain and a general feeling of fatigue. Subsequently, a characteristic rash appears, often on the face, before spreading to other parts of the body. Skin lesions go through several phases, ranging from macules to vesicles, pustules and finally crusts.

Most cases of Mpox resolve spontaneously within two to four weeks, but complications can occur, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or young children.

Diagnosis of Mpox

Diagnosis of Mpox relies mainly on clinical examination of symptoms and a history of travel or exposure to high-risk areas. However, due to the similarity of symptoms to other infections, such as chickenpox, definitive diagnosis requires laboratory tests.

Samples are generally taken from skin lesions, particularly the fluid in vesicles or crusts. These samples are then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, which detects the DNA of the Mpox virus. This method is considered the most reliable for confirming the presence of the virus.

In some cases, serological tests may also be carried out to detect the presence of specific antibodies, which may indicate past or current infection.

Transmission and prevention

Mpox is mainly transmitted by direct contact with the body fluids or skin lesions of an infected person, or via respiratory droplets in close contact. The virus can also be transmitted via contaminated surfaces or by eating meat from infected animals.

To prevent the spread of Mpox, it is essential to follow rigorous hygiene measures, such as frequent hand washing, avoiding direct contact with sick people and wearing a mask if infection is suspected. In addition, certain vaccines originally developed for smallpox may offer some protection against Mpox.

The current situation in Quebec

In Quebec, the situation is under control, but health authorities are keeping a close eye on the disease. Health professionals, like myself, are trained to recognize the signs of Mpox and to manage suspected cases appropriately. People with symptoms compatible with Mpox should seek prompt medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion

Although Mpox remains a relatively rare disease, its re-emergence on the global scene reminds us of the importance of public health vigilance. Prevention, early detection and rapid case management are essential to limit the spread of this disease.

If you have any questions or concerns about Mpox, or if you're experiencing symptoms, don't hesitate to consult us by making an appointment via Allodocteur.ca for an in-home or telemedicine consultation.