Acute sinusitis: causes, symptoms and treatment

Acute sinusitis is a common ailment, especially during the cold months or after a cold. Although often benign, it can cause significant discomfort. Here's everything you need to know to better understand this condition and relieve its symptoms effectively.

What is acute sinusitis?

Acute sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses caused by viral or bacterial infection or, more rarely, allergy. It often occurs after a cold or upper respiratory infection and prevents mucus from draining properly, leading to uncomfortable symptoms.

The main causes

-Viral infections: responsible for the majority of acute sinusitis, they often appear after a cold.

-Bacterial infections: less frequent, they can develop when trapped mucus encourages bacterial growth.

-Allergies: cause inflammation and blockage of the sinuses.

-Aggravating factors: smoking, pollution, or anatomical anomalies (deviated septum, polyps).

What are the symptoms of acute sinusitis?

Common signs include:

- Facial pain or pressure around the eyes, nose or cheeks.

- Nasal congestion or thick, often yellow or green discharge.

- Decrease or loss of sense of smell.

- Mild to moderate fever.

- Fatigue and general malaise.

- Headaches, sometimes more intense when leaning forward.

When should you see a doctor?

Although acute viral sinusitis usually resolves within a week, some cases require medical consultation:

- Symptoms that persist or worsen after 10 days.

- High fever (> 39°C).

- Swelling or redness around the eyes.

- Intense, localized facial pain.

- History of chronic sinusitis or complications.

How is acute sinusitis treated?

1. Support measures

-Rest: This is essential, especially in the early stages, to help your body fight the infection. Raise your head slightly when lying down to reduce congestion.

-Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids, especially hot beverages, helps thin secretions and soothe nasal passages.

-Increase humidity: Use a humidifier or take a hot shower to clear your sinuses.

-Rinse your nose: Salt water sprays or Neti pots can help drain mucus.

-Gargle: Prepare a homemade saline solution with half a teaspoon of salt dissolved in a glass of lukewarm water, and use it to soothe the throat in case of irritation.

2. Over-the-counter medicines

-Nasal decongestants: Products containing oxymetazoline (such as Otrivin) temporarily relieve congestion, but should not be used for more than three days to avoid rebound congestion.

-Analgesics: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce pain and inflammation.

-Antihistamines are not recommended, except in cases of allergy, as they are not effective in relieving cold symptoms and can cause harmful side effects.

3. Antibiotics

They are only necessary in cases where bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected, notably if symptoms are severe, persistent or worsening.

Preventing acute sinusitis

Wash your hands frequently: This limits the viral infections responsible for the majority of sinus infections.

-Rinse your nose regularly: Use a saline solution or Neti pot to keep nasal passages clear and reduce mucus build-up.

-Avoid smoking: Tobacco irritates nasal mucous membranes and encourages infections.

-Manage your allergies: Treat your allergies with antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids if necessary to prevent chronic sinus inflammation.

Conclusion

Acute sinusitis, while often benign, can be uncomfortable and sometimes require medical intervention. With a few simple measures at home and the right treatment, symptoms can be effectively relieved. If you have any doubts or persistent symptoms, don't hesitate to consult a doctor.

At Allodocteur.ca, we offer quick in-home consultations to assess and treat acute sinusitis, so you can get back to feeling comfortable as quickly as possible. Book an appointment today online at Allodocteur.ca or call us at 438-942-8479!