Streptococcal tonsillitis and scarlet fever: understanding and treating these infections
As a family physician and medical director of French origin, who completed my schooling and practiced in France before settling in Quebec, I'd like to provide you with essential information on streptococcal tonsillitis and scarlet fever. These two infections, although distinct, are linked by a common bacterial cause: group A streptococcus. In this article, we'll explore the symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment options for these conditions.
Streptococcal tonsillitis
What is streptococcal tonsillitis?
Streptococcal tonsillitis, often referred to as strep throat, is a bacterial infection of the tonsils. It is caused by group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes).
Symptoms
Symptoms of streptococcal tonsillitis may include:
- Sudden, intense sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- High fever
- Red, swollen tonsils with white patches or pus
- Swollen, sensitive lymph nodes in the neck
- Headaches
- Nausea or vomiting, especially in children
Diagnosis
Streptococcal tonsillitis is usually diagnosed by clinical examination and a rapid screening test (streptococcal antigen test). If this test is negative, but symptoms persist, a throat culture may be taken to confirm the infection.
Treatment
Treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis involves the use of antibiotics, usually penicillin or amoxicillin. It is essential to follow the full course of treatment to prevent complications and the spread of infection. Symptoms often begin to improve within 24 to 48 hours of starting treatment.
Duration of contagiousness
Without antibiotic treatment, streptococcal tonsillitis can be contagious for around 10 to 21 days after the onset of symptoms. However, with appropriate antibiotic treatment, the person usually becomes non-contagious after 24 hours of treatment.
Scarlet fever
What is scarlet fever?
Scarlet fever is a common childhood illness, also caused by Group A Streptococcus. It is characterized by a reddish rash that can be accompanied by fever and sore throat.
Symptoms
Scarlet fever symptoms include:
- A red, rough, raised rash that often starts on the face and neck and then spreads to the rest of the body.
- High fever
- Sore throat
- Red, swollen tongue, sometimes called "raspberry tongue".
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Headaches
- Abdominal pain
Diagnosis
Scarlet fever is diagnosed by physical examination of the characteristic rash and by a rapid test or throat culture to confirm the presence of group A streptococcus.
Treatment
As with streptococcal tonsillitis, treatment of scarlet fever involves the use of antibiotics. It's crucial to start treatment quickly to avoid potential complications such as kidney infections or rheumatic fever.
Duration of contagiousness
Without antibiotic treatment, scarlet fever can be contagious for around 10 to 21 days after the onset of symptoms. With antibiotic treatment, contagiousness diminishes considerably, and the person is no longer contagious after about 24 hours of treatment.
Prevention and precautions
To prevent the spread of streptococcal tonsillitis and scarlet fever, it is important to :
- Wash your hands regularly
- Avoid sharing utensils, glasses and other personal items
- Staying at home when ill, especially during the first 24 hours after starting antibiotic treatment
• Assurer une bonne hygiène respiratoire en se couvrant la bouche et le nez avec un mouchoir ou le coude lors de la toux ou des éternuements
Conclusion
Understanding streptococcal tonsillitis and scarlet fever is crucial for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. As a healthcare professional, I'm here to help you navigate these health challenges and provide you with the best care possible. If you or your child shows symptoms of these infections, don't hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
For more information or to book an appointment, visit allodocteur.ca.
